What did the chest contain?
Treasure? – Old clothes? – A body?
Were you disappointed to discover that the chest contained only rolled-up papers?
Many churches have such a chest, but few now keep documents of any value in it, and the term ‘Parish Chest’ has come to mean the Parish Archives, regardless of where they are stored.
Broughton’s documents are all elsewhere as the building is no longer a parish church but is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust, and most of those belonging to Milton Keynes Village are either in the Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies or they are registers currently in use.
Parish chest at Broughton
The chests themselves would once have held church plate and vestments and a few precious books, though some were used as almsboxes or contained the property of a gild. Originally simply hollowed-out tree trunks, later iron-bound and chained for security, they developed into more elaborate pieces of furniture, adorned with carving and decorative ironwork. They commonly had three locks like the one in our picture with the three keys held separately by the priest and the two churchwardens so that all three had to be present for the chest to be opened.
The parish assumed more and more civil responsibility as time went on and the Vestry, or Parish Meeting, was, as the Parish Council has been since the Local Government Act of 1894, the first tier of local government. (The Parish Council and the Parochial Church Council are not the same thing, whatever the impression given by The Vicar of Dibley! Officially however, churchwardens are still elected at a Vestry Meeting and have duties to the community and not just the church).
The vestry could levy rates for such things as the maintenance of the highways, poor relief, and the care of maimed soldiers and vagrants. It also appointed the Parish Constable and other officers. Vast quantities of papers resulted, all requiring secure storage. Parish churches had been keeping registers of baptisms, marriages and burials, sometimes in a haphazard fashion, since 1538, but Hardwicke’s Marriage Act of 1753 required marriages to be performed in churches after due public notice (the calling of Banns) and this necessitated bound registers in standard form. Rose’s Act of 1812 standardised entries in registers and gave rise to a further crop of iron boxes in which to store them.
So what might be the typical contents of a Parish Chest?
- Parish registers
- Churchwardens’ accounts, and those of the constable and any local charities
- terriers and tithes records
- vestry minutes and records of church courts
- Poor Law and Highway records
- Enclosure Acts and Awards
- miscellaneous items and forgotten oddments
Treasure Trove for the local historian, if for no-one else!
And what did we find in ours?
For a start, it wasn’t in a chest at all, but in an old suitcase and an old cardboard box tied up with string – and all the early registers are in the Record Offices in Aylesbury and Oxford – but …. we have the Marriage Registers from 1837 onwards, and the Banns book, the Burial Register from 1813 onwards, and the Baptism Register from 1893 – all still in use.
The box and case also contained all kinds of unrelated oddments which were plundered for our community play, and for many talks and small exhibitions since.
For instance:
- a handwritten copy, made in 1943, of the Bishop’s Transcripts of an early register
- an alphabetical list (an Index Nominum) of all register entries between 1559 and 1943, compiled in 1943 by Warren R. Dawson FSA
documents bearing the signature of our most famous incumbent, Lewis Atterbury, father of Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester from 1713 – 1731- A letter from a former incumbent to a successor at the beginning of the twentieth century
- a photograph of the letter writer
- the War Book – which gives a fascinating picture of how the village prepared for invasion as the Second World War of 1939-45 proceeded
- small posters illustrating enemy uniforms to aid identification
For more information on Parish Chests and their contents, see “The Parish Chest” by W.E. Tate, published in 1946 by Cambridge University Press, ISBN No: 0 85033 507 8, which has been most helpful in compiling this page.